A na-ekewakarị nhazi nke ọla silicon site na ọdịnaya nke adịghị ọcha atọ nke ígwè, aluminom na calcium dị n'ime ihe mejupụtara ígwè silicon. Dị ka ọdịnaya nke ígwè, aluminum na calcium na metal silicon metal, nwere ike kewaa silicon metal n'ime 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 na ndị ọzọ dị iche iche akara ule.
N'ụlọ ọrụ, a na-emepụta silicon ọla site na mbelata carbon dioxide n'ime ọkụ eletrik. Usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO ịdị ọcha nke silicon emepụtara n'ụzọ dị otú a bụ 97 ~ 98%, nke a na-akpọ silicon ọla. Mgbe ahụ, a na-agbaze ya na recrystallized, na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na acid iji nweta silicon ọla na ịdị ọcha nke 99.7 ~ 99.8%.
Silicon metal bụ nke sitere na silicon, yabụ na ọ nwere ihe ndị yiri ya na silicon. Silicon nwere allotropes abụọ: silicon amorphous na silicon crystalline. Amorphous silicon bụ ntụ ntụ isi awọ-oji ma bụrụkwa microcrystal n'ezie. Siliki kristal nwere ihe owuwu kristal na njirimara semiconductor nke diamond, ebe agbaze 1410 ℃, ebe esi 2355 ℃, Mohs hardness 7, kenkuwa. Amorphous silicification na-arụ ọrụ ma nwee ike na-ere ọkụ na ikuku oxygen. Ọ na-emeghachi omume na ndị na-abụghị ọla dị ka halogens, nitrogen na carbon na okpomọkụ dị elu, ma nwee ike imekọrịta ihe na ọla dị ka magnesium, calcium na ígwè iji mepụta silicides. Amorphous silicon bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịsolu n'ime inorganic na organic asịd niile, gụnyere hydrofluoric acid, mana soluble na ngwakọta nke nitric acid na hydrofluoric acid. Ihe ngwọta sodium hydroxide gbasiri ike nwere ike igbari silicon amorphous wee hapụ hydrogen. Crystalline silicon bụ dịtụ-adịghị arụ ọrụ, ọbụna na elu okpomọkụ adịghị ikpokọta na oxygen, ọ bụghị soluble ọ bụla inorganic na organic asịd, ma soluble na nitric acid na hydrofluoric acid weere acid na lekwasị sodium hydroxide ngwọta.
Oge nzipu: Nov-27-2024
